Health Promotion International, Vol 12, 239-250, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
D Buck, C Godfrey and A Morgan
Target-setting for health is now an accepted part of health policy and has
been embodied in the recent health policy documents of many nations. All
include a major role for health promotion. However, if health targets are
to be reached, except by good fortune, progress towards them needs to be
monitored ('measurement'), the reasons for movement towards and away from
them need to be understood ('attribution') and action taken by those
responsible if monitoring implies they are likely to be missed
('responsibility'). This paper asks whether these important conditions hold
for target-setting in relation to health promotion. Health promotion
monitoring frameworks certainly exist, but do we know enough about
attribution or responsibility to take any necessary corrective action? Do
we have the information and tools needed to reach the plethora of health
targets set out in various World Health Organization (WHO) documents and
their national counterparts? This paper concludes 'no, not at the present
time'. However there is cause for optimism-in our view, the attribution
problem in health promotion at the macro-level can certainly be tackled. A
significant proportion of this paper is therefore devoted to
discussing-with examples-some of the computer modelling and statistical
techniques that, although relatively unexplored to date, offer great
potential for attributing the contribution of health promotion to health
targets. The paper focuses on the UK experience to illustrate the general
points raised in these debates. Assigning responsibility for meeting health
promotion and health targets is, however, likely to remain
problematical.Key words: attribution; health targets;
measurement; responsibility
ARTICLES
Debate. The contribution of health promotion to meeting health targets: questions of measurement, attribution and responsibility
Centre for Health Economics, and Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Evaluation, University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK; Health Education Authority, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, UK; Corresponding author
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