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Health Promotion International Advance Access originally published online on December 7, 2005
Health Promotion International 2006 21(1):5-12; doi:10.1093/heapro/dai027
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© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Leisure participation predicts survival: a population-based study in Finland

Markku T. Hyyppä, Juhani Mäki, Olli Impivaara and Arpo Aromaa

Department of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, 20720 Turku, Finland

Address for correspondence: Dr Markku T. Hyyppä Department of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, Peltolantie 3, FIN-20720 Turku, Finland E-mail: markku.hyyppa{at}ktl.fi

The authors study whether leisure participation is an independent predictor of survival over 20 years. Of the nationally representative sample of 8000 adult Finns (Mini-Finland Health Survey), aged ≥30 years, the cohort of 30–59 years (n 5087) was chosen for the Cox proportional survival analyses. The sum score of leisure participation was divided in quartiles (the lowest quartile = scarce = 0–6), two intermediate quartiles = 7–11 and the highest quartile = abundant = 12–21). Adjusted for statistically significant covariates (age, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, self-rated health and diagnosed chronic diseases), and with scarce participation as the reference, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of death were 0.80, 0.67–0.95 (intermediate) and 0.66, 0.52–0.84 (abundant) for men. The association was insignificant in women with good health. The results show that leisure participation predicts survival in middle-aged Finnish men and its effect is independent of demographic features, of health status and of several other health-related factors. The beneficial effect emphasizes the significance of leisure activities for the promotion of men's health.

Key words: leisure participation; survival; longitudinal survey


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