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Health Promotion International Advance Access originally published online on April 7, 2006
Health Promotion International 2006 21(2):145-152; doi:10.1093/heapro/dal006
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The Author (2006). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Choosing indicators to evaluate Healthy Cities projects: a political task?*,{dagger}

Michel O'Neill1 and Paule Simard2

1 Quebec WHO Collaborating Center on the Development of Healthy Cities and Towns, Faculty of Nursing and Groupe de recherche et d'intervention en promotion de la santé (GRIPSUL), Université Laval Québec, Canada G1K 7P4 2 Quebec WHO Collaborating Center on the Development of Healthy Cities and Towns, Direction de la santé publique de l'Agence régionale de la santé et des services sociaux de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue and Institut national de santé publique du Québec Québec, Canada

Address for correspondence: Michel O'Neill Quebec WHO Collaborating Center on the Development of Healthy Cities and Towns, Faculty of Nursing and Groupe de recherche et d'intervention en promotion de la santé (GRIPSUL), Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4 E-mail: Michel.Oneill{at}fsi.ulaval.ca

Ever since their beginning in 1986, Healthy Cities projects all over the world have been confronted with the issue of evaluation. However, after 20 years, many key dilemmas constantly reappear, people often looking for a kind of ‘magic’ list of universally applicable indicators to evaluate these initiatives. In this article we address five questions, allowing to illustrate the evaluative dilemmas the Healthy Communities movement is confronted with: Why evaluate Healthy Cities? What should be evaluated? Evaluate for who? Who should undertake the evaluation? How should the evaluation be performed? We conclude by formulating three recommendations in order to stimulate exchanges and debate. Our argument is based on a recent thorough analysis of the evaluative literature pertaining to the Healthy Cities movement, as well as on two decades of reflection on and involvement with this issue locally, nationally and internationally.

Key words: Healthy Cities; Healthy Communities; evaluation


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