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Health Promotion International Advance Access originally published online on June 21, 2007
Health Promotion International 2007 22(3):207-217; doi:10.1093/heapro/dam018
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© The Author (2007). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Determinants of smoking among adolescents in the Southern Cape-Karoo region, South Africa

Saadhna Panday1,3,*, S. Priscilla Reddy4, Robert A. C. Ruiter2, Erik Bergström5,6 and Hein de Vries1

1Department of Health Education and Health Promotion 2Department of Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands 3 Child, Youth, Family and Social Development, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X07, Dalbridge 4014, South Africa 4 National Health Promotion Research and Development Group, Medical Research Council, South Africa 5Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences 6Department of Clinical Sciences and Pediatrics, Umeå University, Sweden

* Corresponding author. E-mail: spanday{at}hsrc.ac.za


  Abstract

Tobacco control programmes in multi-ethnic societies must take into account ethnic differences in the determinants of smoking. The I-Change Model, an extension of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, was used to investigate the factors related to smoking among a sample of 3378 Black African, Coloured and White, monthly and non-monthly smokers in the Southern Cape-Karoo Region, South Africa. Across the ethnic groups, non-monthly smokers reported a more positive attitude towards non-smoking, social influences that were more supportive of non-smoking, higher self-efficacy in stressful, routine and social situations, greater intention not to smoke in the next year and lower levels of depressive mood and risk behaviour. Regression analyses suggested that the weight of these determinants may differ in predicting monthly smoking among the ethnic groups. Black African students may benefit from the development of attitudinal cognitions and coping skills to counter peer influence. Coloured students also require skills to resist peer influence. White students require coping skills in stressful and social situations. Although there are more common than unique determinants of smoking among South African adolescents, further research is needed to understand the influence of differing social, economic and cultural contexts on smoking onset.

Key words: adolescence; smoking; determinants; ethnic differences


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