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Health Promotion International, Vol. 15, No. 2, 135-141, June 2000
© Oxford University Press 2000

Health promotion in Canada: declining or transforming?*

Michel O'Neill1, Ann Pederson2 and Irving Rootman3

1 Université Laval, 2 B.C. Center of Excellence for Women's Health and 3 University of Toronto, Canada

Address for correspondence: M. O'Neill Ecole des Sciences Infirmiere Université Laval Québec QC G1K 7PY Canada

INTRODUCTION

Canada's visibility in the field began with the release of the federal white paper, A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians (Lalonde, 1974Go). Since then, individuals, governments, professional associations, and academic institutions have contributed to Canada's reputation as a leader in health promotion. For example, in alliance with the European Regional Office of the WHO, Canada helped to accelerate the evolution of behaviorally oriented health education toward a more global, political and environmentally sensitive, health promotion (O'Neill and Pederson, 1994Go). The federal government created the first national-level Health Promotion Directorate in 1978 and hosted the first International Conference on Health Promotion in Ottawa in 1986. That conference culminated in the ratification of the Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion (Charter, 1986Go) and the release of Canada's own ‘Achieving Health for All’ (Epp, 1986Go). The Healthy Cities movement was born at a conference in Toronto. A . . . [Full Text of this Article]

DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRENDS

RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL FACTORS AND TRENDS

Communications technologies and media
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES

The move toward population health
Towards new structures?
POLICIES, LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF RELEVANCE FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

HEALTH PROMOTION IN SETTINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION FOR POPULATION GROUPS

SPECIAL HEALTH ISSUES AND TOPICS

CAPACITY BUILDING, TRAINING, RESEARCH AND EVALUATION IN HEALTH PROMOTION

COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIPS FOR HEALTH

OVERALL ANALYSIS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

FOOTNOTES

REFERENCES


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