Health Promotion International, Vol. 16, No. 1, 99-101,
March 2001
© Oxford University Press 2001
LETTER FROM CANADA |
Letter from Canada: paradigms, politics and principles
An end of the millennium update from the birthplace of the Healthy Cities movement
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
Address for correspondence: Dennis Raphael, Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, McMurrich Building, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, E-mail: d.raphael@utoronto.ca
The City of Toronto is in crisis. The percentage of children living below the Statistics Canada low-income cut-off is close to 40%. Homelessness is at levels not seen since the 1930s and food banks are used on an ongoing basis by 135 000 Toronto residents, a doubling in number since 1990. It is estimated that >800 Toronto residents die each year as a direct result of air pollution. In Canada as a whole, the average market income of the first income decile of families fell from 1986 to 1996 by 62%, while second decile average income fell by 33%. All this is occurring even as the Canadian economy continues a strong recovery. Health promoters trying to make sense of this have
PARADIGMS: WHATEVER HAPPENED TO HEALTH PROMOTION?
POLITICS: WHAT HAS RESULTED FROM THE RISE OF NEO-LIBERALISM?
PRINCIPLES: WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION ALL ABOUT?
FURTHER READING
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